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up,
the Homestake Gold Mine in Lead, South Dakota hadn't enjoyed a boom
year since 1877; and, though it didn't fully close operations until
2002, business lagged all through the nineties. Fathers of friends lost
their jobs, families moved away, more houses lay empty. Stray cats
roamed the worn down residential districts. Rumors circulated through
the hills of chemicals leaching into Lead's water supply. Too many
people had cancer. Too many women couldn't have children. By the early
years of the new millennium, Lead could have been a ghost town
In
Sturgis, where my sister and I attended school, most businesses were
only open two weeks a year. While Deadwood had slot machines, we had
Harley Davidson—and bars. Lots of bars. For two weeks a year, Sturgis
was either hell or heaven, depending whom you asked. Most locals fled
town while two to five hundred thousand people descended on the town,
decked out in leather, motorcycles humming, purring, screaming through
the streets. The smart locals rented out their basements, extra rooms,
even made campsites of their front yards, charging visitors $1000 or
more a week for a couple square feet of grass. Most every young girl in
the area worked the Rally at least once. We vied for two-week positions
at the local bars, campgrounds, street vendors, bike washes. If you
looked good in a bikini, you were pretty well assured a gig. Guys
worked the Rally too, but since they weren't working the string bikini
jobs, they didn't make the same kind of money.
The
rest of the world, witness only to those two weeks, painted my home
town, Sturgis, as a biker metropolis—but the other fifty weeks of the
year, Sturgis was a ranching town. Quiet, empty, and very poor. Most of
the men in town worked construction. Most women were waitresses or, if
they were lucky, secretaries. Teenagers loitered in front of the
grocery store after school. Ranchers gathered mornings at Bob's
Restaurant to talk shop. As a child, I often begged my parents to take
me into Bob's, and sometimes, despite their concern for their
cardiovascular health, they did. As the child of two professionals,
both of whom worked in nearby, relatively sophisticated Rapid City, I
understood nothing about
Watching
SOUTH DAKOTA
GROW...
A Century After Wild Bill, the Boom &Bust Continues
Tonya Morton
I
know the drive back home intimately. Coming from any direction, the
Black Hills are a forested island, rising out of the dust-sea of
plains. The hills are old and carry all the legends of old age. Harney
Peak, where the Seven Sisters rose into the stars to form the Pleiades
constellation, lies in the South; Wind Cave, home to the Buffalo Lady,
a few miles down the road. Just outside Sturgis, my hometown, Bear
Butte stands as testimony to centuries of spirit quests, to the
boyhoods of men like Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, and also to the
continuing saga of greed. When climbing the Butte, it's always
disheartening to know General Custer stood in the same spot in 1874,
surveying the land South and West, and he imagined himself master of
everything he saw.
To
those moving into the area, the Black Hills are an oasis, a
"fairy-land" as journalists described them in Custer's time. It's true
that the hills are beautiful, thick with Ponderosa Pine and Black Hills
Spruce, whitetail deer, mountain lions and coyotes. The
I was never surprised that people
wanted to live in the Hills.
People are drawn to mythological places,
and the Black Hills, as I knew them,
were choked in their own mythology.
snowmelt
each spring lets loose waterfalls and rushing streams down through the
hills. And, in the fall, the leaves of the few deciduous trees,
fluttering brilliant red and yellow off their branches, blanket the
forest floor. With winter comes the snow. It falls in a fury, thick,
erasing roads, vehicles, even entire homes, and then, after hours, or
even days, departs suddenly and quietly. In the wake of such snowfall,
the earth lies still. The hills are hushed. Those who can still open
their front doors do. They look out into the white, breathless.
I
was never surprised that people wanted to live in the Hills. People are
drawn to mythological places, and the Black Hills, as I knew them,
were choked in their own mythology. I was raised five miles from
Deadwood, witness to the death of Wild Bill Hickok, and the mourning of
Calamity Jane. Both are buried above the town in Mount Moriah Cemetary,
where they can peacefully watch over the telling and re-telling of
their memories. Gunshots from the re-enactments of Wild Bill's death,
and trial of his killer, Jack McCall, echo through the Deadwood streets
on summer afternoons. Among the clatter of fake bullets, saloon girls
pile on makeup and flouncy satin costumes to charm the tourists and
lead them into casinos, where out-of-towners and seniors bussed in from
the local retirement homes sit reverent, with identical frowns, at the
rows of machines.
Some
people were making good money from the flashy saloons and casinos
lining Deadwood's Main Street, but I didn't know any of them. The
owners were typically from somewhere else. "California," locals would
practically spit, seeing a New Ownership sign on the front of a casino,
or a new mansion rise along Interstate 90. Wherever all that money
went, not enough of it was trickling down to the people I knew—the
people who cleaned the tables, mixed the drinks, vacuumed the motel
floors.
General
Custer's dream, and the industry which gave birth to Deadwood, was
gold— though no one's seen much of it in South Dakota for quite a
while. When I was growing
cattle
prices or feed costs—but I loved the rhythm of the ranchers' talking,
the words they used. These were words understood by my classmates, many
of whom were ranchers' kids, whom I envied for having horses and cowboy
boots. As a child, I would have traded all my toys, (and probably my
older sister,) for a horse.
All
in all, Sturgis was a typical dying town. We had no industry to speak
of. The few shops remaining on Main Street slowly closed down as more
families traveled to Rapid City's bigger franchises. And the ranching
community dwindled with every prolonged drought. I heard jokes over the
years—how the only thing remarkable about Sturgis, other than the
Rally, was the teen pregnancy rate. But, Lord knows, we still had it
better than the Indians.
It
never ceases to amaze me that, in South Dakota, the Plains Indians Wars
are taught as "history." The outright violence on the reservation only
died down in the late 70s—replaced by a quiet hostility and tension.
In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that the Black Hills had been
illegally taken from the Lakota. But the tribe wouldn't accept the $100
million offered by the government as repayment. Accepting the money
would mean accepting that their axis mundi is lost—like asking Jews, or
Palestinians, to give up on Jerusalem. In elementary school, I was told
by Indian friends that I was living on borrowed land.
MAKE MINE A DOUBLE.
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